module 6

module 6
4. There were many obstacles that leaders of the movements for indolence faced. The leaders were not only almost always male but they were also taken from the very few who were educated enough to make a real stand that would be taken seriously. The leaders had to organize political parties, recruit members, plot strategy and negotiate. On top of that they had to create a whole new ideology that people would listen o and take seriously.  The movements were reminiscent on past movements but the difference was that they didn't want old ways from the past to resurface. They wanted a new way of thinking that would join the world of independent nation-states. One of their biggest tasks that all the new leaders had to take on was the accumulation of a mass following. The problem with this for many of the leaders was that they had trouble connecting with their followers, as they were on top and their followers were just ordinary common people. The alliances were not strong and they were hardly ever promised agreements but very fragile followings. While the fight for independence was a common goal, they often disagreed on many things being that they were typically a group filled with many different classes, religions and ethnic groups.
6. Ghandi's role in India's struggle was characterized by the way that he lead his followers in nonviolence but still confrontational. He became one of the "fathers" as he led the independence movements. His movement started after he took a job in South Africa when he first experienced racism. From then on he grew in popularity and led fellow Indians who were mostly Muslim in his way of social reform. He transformed the Indian National Congress into a mass organization as he gained so much popularity with his simple lifestyle. His work was centered in raising the status for the untouchables and he accepted everyones support no matter what their initial views or stereotypes were. He also supported women and helped with their struggle in marriage and societal standards. The way that he gained is much power and influence was through his fight for everyone and acceptance of any kind of support he could get. He didn't reject anyone and he aimed to raise the social status of the people who struggled the most with that. He set an example of stubborn and unwillingness to give up even if that meant going against all the social norms. His role was important for everyone including the people that he was going against.
10. South Africa had a long standing struggle against white domination. In 1912 when the African National Congress was established, a group of male educated professionals wanted to be heard and accepted. They didn't want to overthrow or revolt but hey wanted to be thought of as a part of their own society. They even appealed to the liberal, humane and christian values that the white society had claimed as theirs. The ANC peacefully protested for 40 years doing everything in their power to make a change. Even the women got involved and were eventually allowed to be apart of the ANC. When they realized, peacefully protesting wasn't working too well a new group of ANC members took a stand and began boycotting, striking and putting on meaningful demonstrations. With this change in direction came violence and death resulting in imprisonment and the banning of major political parties. Student groups and internal groups within South Africa shared their opposition for the South African government and combined with the exclusion from the Western World. As they felt the pressure they finally gave in to consider an alternative besides a bloody struggle for acceptance. In 1994 the apartheid and white domination came to an end as Nelson Mandela was released and the first democratic and nonracial election was held.