module 3

module 3
1)The massive peasant rebellion had many causes. One of the main reasons was the fact that the central state had lost power to the provincial officials and the local gentry. The new power was extremely corrupt and treated the peasants terribly. This added to the pressure from the European military which disrupted internal trade routes, created an overwhelming about of unemployment and raised the peasants taxes. All these circumstances allowed for a growing amount of bandit gangs and what ended up being the peasant rebellion. The peasant groups went against all common asian religions and expressed opposition to Qing Dynasty. They wanted a complete shift that would allow them to abolish many things that made the peasants. They called for the abolishment of private property and the redistribution of land along with the end of prostitution and opium smoking. This rebellion even called for women to be included in the equality giving women the rights to equal shares of land and allowing women to have their feet unbound. While the calls to action were strong and radical, they were unable to link up with other rebel groups and the unusual uprising was unable to succeed. But the motivation was to fight for a completely different approach to the life they were forced to be living.
6) The Ottoman Empire's first attempt at responding to its problems was when Sultan Selim III attempted to update the army and draw on European advisers and techniques. When that didn't work out and he was murdered, decades later the leaders in the of the Ottoman Empire took on a far more reformist technique named Tanizmat. With this technique they were able to set up things such as factories, resettlement of agriculture, law codes, elementary schools and a postal service. This allowed for them to start heading into a more modernized and westernized future. The reforms didn't directly mention women, but they even considered allowing for women to have modest educational opportunities. All of these changes challenged the typically Muslim state which never considered any of this as an option. It raised many questions but it worked for a long time until pressures of war took over and the Sultan went back to the old ways completely and suspended the reforms. But while it lasted the Ottoman Empire favored the European style democracy and allowed for them to fight back against the European aggression when they needed to. They felt that this was the only way to fix their problems for a while. They even argued that they should embrace the western ways of technology and science and reject its materialism to try and gain an upper hand without going against what they believed in.
10) Japan's 19th century transformation was revolutionary because of their effectiveness and how thoroughly they were able to change their society. Their first task called for an attack on both the power and privileges of the daimyo and samurai. By doing this their goal was to create a sense of national unity and put samurai back in their position at the nations warriors. This was not too big of a deal and wasn't made to be too painful for the who had to step down as they found other positions to work for the nation, meaning this was very successful. The Japanese also went through a period of drawing on everything western which was very out of their ordinary and after it passes they were able to pull what they wanted from the western world more selectively. Another large part of their transition was their need to implement equal rights for women in order to gain respect from the western world. During that time a small feminist movement even broke out asking fro women right to not and to be more heard. That being said, the most women in Japan got was a right to education for girls and everything else was suppressed. And the main revolutionary piece was the state guided industrialization program creating modern infrastructure and becoming a major exporter of textiles.